Gyratory crusher



Jan. 30, 1940. J. H. SPOHN. JR 2,188,666

GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed Nov. 6, 1937 INVENTOR.

John H; 5,00/2/7 J/r' BY G b MW ATTORNEY.

Patented Jan. 30, 1940 UNITED. STATES PATE T OFFICE 2,188,666 GYRAT'ORYCRUSHER John H. Spohn, 'Jr., San Francisco, Calif. I ApplicationNovember 6, 1937, Serial No. 173,159

8 Claims.

It is an object of the invention to provide a machineof. the abovecharacter in which the pestle and cooperating bowl can be readilycleaned,,with a minimum of time and efiort. The machine is thereforeparticularly suited for assay operations, where it is necessary tocarefully remove all particles of ore adhering to the working parts,between the crushing and g'rinding of various samples.

A further object of theinvention is to provide a machine which will haveagreater range of application than machines heretofore available. Byrange .of application I have particular reference to usefof the machineon ore consisting of both large and small sized fragments, whereby inmany instances preliminary crushing operations may be simplified oromitted.

Another object of the invention is to provide a novel form of combinedgyratoryand attrition 'mill, in which the attrition mill alsoreceivesgyratory movement, to facilitate fine, grinding operation.

Further objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription in which the preferred embodiment of the invention hasbeenset forth in detail, in conjunction with the accompanying drawing. I

Referring to the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view, in cross-sec tion illustrating oneembodiment of the present invention. i

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 2--2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 33 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

The machine as illustrated'in the drawing consists of a. base structureII), which carries the structural uprights ll. Mounted on this basethere is a bowl structure designated generally at l2, and this structuresurrounds the pestle l3.

The pestle I3 can be contoured in the manner illustrated, and it isjournalled upon the upright spindle or shaft l4. Gyratory movementisimparted to the upper end of the pestle [3, by eccentric meansdesignated generally at it. In

taken along the the. embodiment illustrated this ,eccentriomeans makesuse of a drive wheel [1, supported'by the ball bearing assembly. [8,which in turn is carried by the portion 19 connecting the uprights HConcentrically disposed within the fly wheel 11, there is a sleeve 2!,which is shown provided 5 with a. hand wheel 22, to'facilitate manual'adjustment; A threaded engagement 23 connects the sleeve 2| with thefly wheel I], whereby upon turning the hand wheel 22, the sleeve 2| isadjusted in a vertical direction. The upper end of pestle I3 is fixed toa bushing 24, which in turn is journall'ed within the lower eccentricportion 26 of the'sleeve 2|; Bushing 24 has an upper shoulder 21,whereby it is supported by the sleeve 2|. Theupper end of bushing24 isengaged by the lower end of a compression spring 28, where bythebushing24fand the associated pestle l3 are urged-downwardly. The lower end'ofshaft I4 is carried by an adjustable'thrust block 31,

the mounting for which will be presently de-' scribed. 'It will beapparent that upon turning fly wheel H, by virtue of a drive connectionto some suitable source of power, the pestle I3 is gyrated and alsogyratory movement is imparted to the spindle l4. i i 2 5 Inmanyinstances the pestle l3 and bowl can be used without an associatedattrition mill. However, for certain applications, as for example assaywork, it is desirable'to carry the grinding to a further degree offineness, bythe use of an attrition mill. Thus in the embodiment illus-'trated, an attrition mill is provided which includes'a rotor 32, fixedto the spindle I l-below the pestle [3. The upper end of the rotor 32has a projecting sleeve 33, whichslidably fits a bore 35 34 formed inthe lower end 'of the pestle. The upper grinding face 36 of the rotor32, is convex and substantially spherical. working face of the rotorcooperates with a convex and substantially spherical grinding face 31,provided 40 by the bowl structure l2.

It will be evident that as the pestle is gyrated, rotor 32 will likewisebe gyrated with respect to the bowl structure. However instead ofpermitting rotation of the rotor in themanner similar to the pestle, therotor is positively driven- Thus the upper end of shaft I4 is providedwith a drive wheel 38, which can connect by a drive belt or other.suitable means to a source of power.

The bowl structure I2 is divided ona vertical 5 plane, to form the twosections I20 and I211. The lower ends of these sections have hingeconnections 39 with the base structure I0, thereby making it possiblefor these sections to be swung outwardly anddownwardly to positionssuchas illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. In order to clamp the twosections together, during normal operation of the machine, the sectionsare both provided with side flanges il positioned upon opposite sides ofthe webs 42, the latter being I plane the pestle is substantiallyspherical'and This-is because the section 52a isflared laterally asillustrated in Figs. 1 and 3. This enables the convex. Above plane 1 thepestle converges upwardly, initially at arapid rate, and then. moregradually for the upperp-art of the pestle.

Below the plane I the cooperating surfaces of the bowl. structureindicated generally at at, are convex and substantially spherical, andgenerally symmetrical with respect to the axis of gyration of the.pestle. Above the plane I the bowl continues to be symmetrical about theaxis of gyration of the pestle, until about the region of the plane 2.Note that there is an undercutting to the bowl below the plane 2, or inother words between planes I and 2 and extending entirely about thepestle. This undercutting tends to generally urge the pestle downwardly.Above the plane 2 the bowl is distinctly non-symmetrical.

bowl to take material of large sizes, and to subject such large sizematerial to crushing, whereby the material progresses downwardly andabout the pestle for finer crushing. Note particularly that the bowlsurfaces indicated generally at 41, which are relatively remote from thepestle in the region of planet; aswell as surfaces desig nated generallyby number won the diagrammatically opposite side of the bowl, allperform crushing operations,- and this is true for substantially' theentire height, of the bowl, above the plane 2. Thus the-flaring section92a of the bowl does not merely afford a convenient feed spout for thebowl, but actually forms crushing surfaces in cooperation with thepestle, for coarse crushing operations.v 1

Reference hasbeen made'to the journal block 3!, being adjustably carriedby the base structure l0; inga threaded engagement between the block 3|,and the associated housing all. The lower end of block 31 carries 2.depending stud: shaft 5!, upon which. a sprocket 52' is sp-lined.Housing 49 is carried by the webs 53,,connecting the same with the mainpart of the base structure Ill. The base structure is formed to affordan opening 54 extending to one side of the machine, and this opening canbe used toaccommodate a suitable means connecting with the, sprocket 52,as for example a chain 58. Thus by mar nipulation of chain 55 sprocket52 can be turned in either direction, to'turn block 3!, and therefore toraise or lower this block with respect to the base structure.

Operation 'of the machine described above can now be'reviewed asfollows: Fly wheel I! is connected to an electric motor or othersuitable source ofpower, and. also the drive wheel 38.

and un- One suitable mounting; consists in form- I In general wheel 38would be driven'at a con-- siderably higher speed, than the wheel Block3| is adjusted so that the clearance between the upper grinding face '36of rotor 32,"

and the associate stationary grinding face 31,

will afford the grind of a fineness desired. Also into the laterallyflared section 'l2a, where itis crushed by the gyrating action of thepestle, and

the position of. the pestle it can be adjusted to deliver material ofsuitable fineness to'the attrition mill, by adjusting the position ofhand,

the crushed material permitted to drop downiwardly through the bowl,opening 51, to the rotor.

32. Her'ethe material is subjected to fine grinding by attrition, to befinally delivered down- \wardly through the openings 58, in thebasestructure. As previously pointed out the finenessof thegrind can beadjusted'by manipulation of chain 56. Likewise the fineness of materialsupplied through; the openings 5?, can be adjusted 1 by turning the handwheel 22,. which-in turn raises or lowers the pestle with respecttoy'the bowl. In the courseof grinding-operations the words it may raiseagainst "the spring Ell, during 25: pestle is more or less freefloating. f, In other H the course of grinding operations or to pass an"obstruction. When it is desired to clean the ma: chine the bolts 43areremoved and the two sections 12a; and lZb swung outwardly. anddownwardly, to the positions indicated in dottedlines in Fig. 1. Now thebowl, the pestle, and the rotor can all be cleaned, after which thetwosections I can. be swung backintooperating position and Because. of theclamped together by bolts 7 position of "the bowl sections when they areswung down as-illustratedin 1, the surfaces are accessible to readycleaning and an operator can determine by quick visual inspection, thepresence of any remaining ore particles. I claim:

1. In a crushing and grinding machinepfthej' character described, avertically extending spim dle,. a pestle journaled upon said spindle,for

free rotation relative thereto, a rotor of anatdle below said pestle forrotation with said spin- .trition mill fixed to the lower end of'saidspindle, a bowl structure surrounding both the. pesttle and said. rotor,said bowl structure having surfaces cooperating with said rotor, forfine grinding operations, means for impartinggyra-v tor'y movement tothe upper endof the pestle and the associated spindle'to a so: impartgyrae tory movement to the-rotor" of theattrition mill, said spindlehaving a. center of oscillation adjacent the lower end thereof, andmeans for-simultaneously applying turning movement to said spindle tothereby rotate the rotor of theattrition mill without applyinglike'turning movement to the pestle. I

2. In a. crushing and grinding machine. of the character described, agenerally upright pestle,

a spindle upon which the pestle-is journaled for free rotationrelatively. to said spindle, a rotor of an attrition mill disposed belowthe pestle andsecured to the lower extending end of the spindle forrotation with said spindle, a bowl structure cooperatively surrounding.both the pestle and the rotor, said bowl structure affording crushingsurfaces surrounding the spindle and surfaces cooperating with the motorfor fine grinding, means for imparting ,gyratory move.-

ment to one end of the pestle and spindle to also impart gyrato-rymovement to therotor, said affording a concave spindle having a centerof oscillationadjacent its other end and means for rotating the spindlewhereby the rotor of the attrition mill is rotated about its axisindependently of the positioning of the pestle with respect to the bowlstructure.

3. In a crushing and grinding machine of the character described, agenerally upright shaft or spindle, a pestle journaled upon the. spindlefor free rotation relative thereto, a rotor of an attrition mill securedto the-lower end of said spindle below said pestle for rotation withsaid spindle, the upper grinding face of said rotor being substantiallyspherical, means for impartinggyratory movement to the upper endof thepestle and the associated spindle to also impart gyratory movement tosaid rotor, means for driving said spindle to effect independentrotation of said rotor, and a bowl structure surrounding the spindle andthe rotor, said bowl structure affording surfaces cooperating with thepestle for crushing operations and also affording a substantiallyconcave spherical shaped surface cooperating with the upper grindingface of the rotor, said spindle having a center of oscillationsubstantially coincident with the center of said spherical shapedsurface.

4. In a grinding and crushing machine of the. character described, agenerally upright spindle,

a pestle jovrnaled upon thespindle for free'rotation relative thereto,.a rotor of an attrition mill secured to the lower end of said spindlebelow said pestle for rotation with said spindle, a portion of saidspindle projecting below said rotor, the upper face of said rotor beingspherical shaped and forming a grinding face, a base structure, meanscarried by the base structure, and forming a thrust bearing for thelower endof the spindle, means for imparting gyratory movement to theupper end of the pestle and to the associated spindle to also impartgyratory movement to said rotor, means for applying turning movement tothe said spindle, whereby the rotor is turned about its axis, and a bowlstructure cooperatively surrounding both the pestle and the rotor of theattrition mill,-said bowl structure affording surfaces cooperating withthe pestle for a crushing operation; and also substantially sphericalgrinding face cooperating'with the upper grinding face of said rotor,said thrust bearing forming a center of oscillation for said spindle andbeing located substantially at the center of said spherical grindingface, I

5. In a grinding and crushing machine of the character described, agenerally upright spindle, a pestle journaled upon the spindle for freerotation relative thereto, a rotor of an attrition mill secured to thelower end of said spin dle below and spaced fromsaid pestle for rotationwith said spindle, a portion of'said spindle projecting below saidrotor, the upper face of said rotor being spherical shaped and forming agrinding face, a base structure, means carried by the base structure andforming a thrust bearing for the lower end of the spindle, means forimparting gyratory movement to the upper end of the pestle and to theassociated spindle to also impart gyratory movement to said rotor, meansfor, applying turning movement to the upper end of the shaft, wherebythe rotor is turned about its axis, and a bowl structure cooperativelysurrounding both the pestle and the rotor of the attrition mill, saidbowl structure afior'ding a surface cooperating with the pestle forcrushing operations, and also a surface afiording a concavesubstantially spherical grinding-face cooperating with the uppergrinding face of said rotor, said-surfaces extending between said pestleand rotor and said thrust bearing forming a center of oscillation forsaid spindle substantial-;

ly at the centerof said spherical grinding face and means for adjustingsaid rotor together with said spindle in a vertical direction.

6. In a gyratory crusher, a generally upright pestle, a rotor of anattrition mill disposed below the pestle, means'for gyrating said pestleand for rotating the rotor of the attrition mill, a bowl structuresurrounding both the pestle and the rotor of the attrition mill, saidbowl structure having surfaces operating with the rotor of the attritionmill, to carry out fine grinding operations, and also including surfacescooperating with the pestle to effect crushing, said bowl structurebeing split along vertical "lines into two sections, a frame structureincluding a base and upright members adjacent the, edges of saidsections for positioning and reinforcing said sections, means forreleasably clamping the vertical edges of said sections together and tosaid members, independent means serving to pivotally connect both saidbowlsections to said frame structure, whereby said bowl sections,afterre leasing said clamping meansmay be swung out-f of the attritionmill.

7. In a crushing and grinding machine of th character described, agenerally'upright pestle having a bulbular lower end, a spindle uponwhich the pestle is journaled for free rotation relative to saidspindle, a rotor of an attrition Wardly with respect to the pestle andthe rotor mill disposed below and spaced from the pestle and secured tothe lower end of the spindle for rotation with said spindle, a bowlstructure for operatively surrounding both the pestle and the, I

rotor, said bowl structure affording crushing surfaces surrounding thepestle and grinding surfaces cooperating with the rotor for finegrinding, said crushing surfaces" and grinding surfaces extendingintouthe space between said pestle and rotor, means for impartinggyratory movement to one end of the pestle and spindle to also impartgyratory movement to the rotor,"

means for rotating the spindle whereby the rotor of the attrition millis rotated about its axis, said spindle having a center of oscillationadjacent its other end, means for adjusting said rotor with respect tosaid grinding surfaces of said bowl structure independently of theposi-. tioning. of the pestle with respect to said crushing surfaces ofthe bowl'structure, and means for adjusting the minimum clearancebetween crushing surfaces of the bowl structure independently of theposition of the rotor. p

8. In a gyratory'crusher, .a generally upright pestle, means forgyrating said pestle, a bowl structure surrounding said, pestle andcooperating with the pestle to effect crushing, said bowl structurebeing split along vertical lines into two sections, a frame structureincluding a base and upright members adjacent the vertical vthe lowerend of the pestle and the adjacent

